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AGE PECULIARITIES of TEMPORAL and SPATIAL PROPERTIES in SCHOOLGIRLS of grades 1-9

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Koryagina Yu.V., Paimurzina T. Yu., modern problems of science and education. - 2006. - No. 6. - P. 87. - Access mode https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=649 (accessed 18.02.2019)

Processes of perception of time depend on age features (A. S. Dmitriev, 1980; E. M. Gareev, 1987; S. L. Rubinstein, 1989; V. V. Popovich, V. A. Moskvin, 1998; O. E. Surnina, 1999-2003).At different ages, it takes an unequal amount of physical time for the same physiological work to be done. The second of life of the old organism is much poorer in physiological processes than the young one (N. I. Moiseyev et al., 1985). The aim of the work was to identify age-related features of temporal and spatial properties in girls and girls of school age (7-15 years). Temporal and spatial properties (time of simple sensorimotor reaction to light and sound, time of reaction to a moving object, time of choice reaction, individual minute (IM), individual unit of time (IEV), accuracy of reproduction of the time interval filled with light and sound stimulus, accuracy of estimation and measuring of segments, accuracy of estimation and measuring of angles) were investigated in 200 girls and girls. For a more complete understanding of the age-related features of temporal and spatial properties, a factor analysis of the structure of temporal and spatial properties in girls and girls of each age was carried out. In the conducted researches it is shown that first of all in ontogenesis the counting of near-second intervals is formed – duration of IEV at first-graders is closest to astronomical second. The duration of IM is closest to astronomical in girls of high school age, which is associated with the formation of mechanisms responsible for counting long time intervals. Girls and girls from grades 4 to 9 reproduced the time intervals more accurately than girls in grades 1,2 and 3. The study of reaction time indicators showed the highest values of the time of simple sensorimotor reaction to light in first-graders, and their smaller values in middle and high school age Schoolgirls, compared with younger Schoolgirls. The time of simple sensorimotor response to sound was also shorter in middle and high school age, compared to lower school age. Reaction time to a moving object was significantly lower for Schoolgirls in grades 2-6 compared to first-graders and increased in grades 7, 8 and 9. From 1 to 7 class there is a decrease in the reaction time of choice, which, in our opinion, is associated with improved cortical inhibition processes and better differentiation of stimuli. Angular values were better evaluated and recognized by teenage girls (5-7 grade). With age, the accuracy of the speed recognition test increased. The highest values of errors in this test allowed first-graders, and the smallest-girls 9 class. The analysis of the research results shows that during ontogenesis, in childhood, adolescence and adolescence there are changes in the temporal and spatial structure of a person. At the age of 7 years, the time INTERVAL is formed and the most accurate assessment of the shortest time intervals (near-second intervals), the sensorimotor reaction time is formed. Perception of spatial quantities begins to form at the age of 9-10 years, and the most favorable period for the manifestation of temporal and spatial properties is the age of 11 years. At the age of 13-15 years, due to the formation of types of GNI and the predominance of internal and differential inhibition, there are better indicators of complex sensorimotor reactions and more accurate perception of long time intervals.